From the Conclusions: “Sea current measurements and hydrocarbon exposure measures in the caged mussels indicated that the station design of the investigation captured the produced water plume from the Troll C platform.

This report discusses a range of studies involving the invertebrates that settle on panels placed in the Mediterranean Sea. Regarding platforms, panels were placed next to three of these, two located in the Adriatic Sea, the other in the Ionian Sea.

The Claymore A oil platform, located in the North Sea, was examined for fouling invertebrates. The dominant species down to 20 m were mussels (Mytilus edulus), soft corals (Alcyonium digitatum), algae, and hydroids.

This books focuses on 1) the causes of marine biofouling, 2) the colonization process by marine invertebrates, and 3) an analysis of the common causes of colonization and 4) a discussion of possible approaches for protection against biofouling.

From the Abstract: “Marine growth is known to give adverse effects on the performance of offshore structure. It presents will roughened the surfaces of the structure hence increase its drag coefficients.